Exam 2 Possible Review Topics

Chem 1020, Summer 2001, Robertson

You should be able to: (I do not claim that this is an exhaustive list.)

Chapter 14

· Name and draw structural formulas for alkyl halides, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, amines, and amides. Be able to recognize these functional groups. Be sure and know any common names given in class.

· Explain how polymers are held together.

· List properties, applications, and types of polymers.

· Explain how addition polymers are formed. Explain how condensation polymers are different.

· Be able to match polymer with monomer or with use. Be able to draw the general structural formula for a polymer given the monomer or vice versa.

· Explain the bonding in silicones and draw the silicone oil structure.

· List the ingredients in paint and explain the function of each. Explain the difference in polymerization for latex versus oil paints.

Chapter 15

· List and explain the various biochemical compounds.

· Define and use the following terms: isomers, constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, cis-trans isomerism, optical isomerism, chiral, enantiomers, asymmetric carbon atom.

· Explain the importance of isomerism in organic chemistry, especially with regard to the chirality of drugs.

· Define and list the different types of carbohydrates.

· Be able to draw structures for glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, cellulose, and amylose.

· Explain how amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen are similar and different. Contrast with cellulose.

· Define the term lipid and list and explain the different types.

· Be able to draw structures for simple waxes, fats and oils, soaps, and steroids.

· List several types of steroids.

· Explain the relationship between trans and cis fatty acids; saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats; cholesterol; and atherosclerosis.

· Define proteins and describe the amino acids that compose them.

· Draw the structural formula for an amino acid and draw structural formulas showing how the amino acids link to form amide (peptide) linkages.

· List the structural levels of proteins and define each.

· List, explain and give examples of the two major categories of protein reactions.

· Classify proteins by function (enzymes, transport, storage, regulatory, contractile, protective) and give examples.

· Define the terms simple and conjugated protein.

· Describe enkephalins and endorphins.