CH18 Lipoproteins

Exam 1 Review: Chapter 18: Lipoproteins

lipoproteins - Any of the series of soluble lipid-protein complexes which are transported in the blood; each aggregate particle consists of a spherical hydrophobic core containing triglycerides and cholesterol esters surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phopholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins; classes of lipoproteins include chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL)*, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). [Note: In this course, we omit discussion of the minor role of intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) in health and disease.]

low-density lipoproteins (LDL) - The class of large diameter soluble lipid-protein complexes which are the fourth lowest in density (mass to volume ratio); their composition is ~25% apolipoproteins, ~45% cholesterol, and ~30% triglycerides and phospholipids; their normal role is to transport cholesterol and other lipids from the liver and intestines to the tissues for use; elevated levels of LDL are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. nickname - bad cholesterol

high-density lipoproteins (HDL) - The class of small diameter soluble lipid-protein complexes which are the highest in density (mass to volume ratio); their composition is ~45% apolipoproteins, ~25% cholesterol, and ~30% triglycerides and phospholipids; their normal role is to transport cholesterol and other lipids from the tissues to the liver for disposal; elevated levels of HDL are associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. nickname - good cholesterol

very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) - The class of very large diameter soluble lipid-protein complexes which are the second lowest in density (mass to volume ratio); their composition is ~10% apolipoproteins, ~40% cholesterol, and ~50% triglycerides and phospholipids; their normal role is to transport triglycerides and other lipids from the liver and intestines to the tissues for use; elevated levels of VLDL are associated with some increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Describe:

7. the three classes of lipoproteins in the blood and their effects on cardiovascular health.

Lipoprotein Class Description Effects on Cardiovascular Health

very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) very large diameter soluble lipid-protein complexes which are the second lowest in density (mass to volume ratio); their composition is ~10% apolipoproteins, ~40% cholesterol, and ~50% triglycerides and phospholipids; their normal role is to transport triglycerides and other lipids from the liver and intestines to the tissues for use. elevated levels of VLDL are associated with some increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) large diameter soluble lipid-protein complexes which are the fourth lowest in density (mass to volume ratio); their composition is ~25% apolipoproteins, ~45% cholesterol, and ~30% triglycerides and phospholipids; their normal role is to transport cholesterol and other lipids from the liver and intestines to the tissues for use. elevated levels of LDL are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. nickname - bad cholesterol

high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) small diameter soluble lipid-protein complexes which are the highest in density (mass to volume ratio); their composition is ~45% apolipoproteins, ~25% cholesterol, and ~30% triglycerides and phospholipids; their normal role is to transport cholesterol and other lipids from the tissues to the liver for disposal. elevated levels of HDL are associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. nickname - good cholesterol

Lipoprotein Class	Description	Effects on Cardiovascular Health
very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)	very large diameter soluble lipid-protein complexes which are the second lowest in density (mass to volume ratio); their composition is ~10% apolipoproteins, ~40% cholesterol, and ~50% triglycerides and phospholipids; their normal role is to transport triglycerides and other lipids from the liver and intestines to the tissues for use.	elevated levels of VLDL are associated with some increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)	large diameter soluble lipid-protein complexes which are the fourth lowest in density (mass to volume ratio); their composition is ~25% apolipoproteins, ~45% cholesterol, and ~30% triglycerides and phospholipids; their normal role is to transport cholesterol and other lipids from the liver and intestines to the tissues for use.	elevated levels of LDL are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. nickname - bad cholesterol
high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)	small diameter soluble lipid-protein complexes which are the highest in density (mass to volume ratio); their composition is ~45% apolipoproteins, ~25% cholesterol, and ~30% triglycerides and phospholipids; their normal role is to transport cholesterol and other lipids from the tissues to the liver for disposal.	elevated levels of HDL are associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. nickname - good cholesterol